Faod

=Non-past tense=

//** Am faod mi/sinn ... ? **// Requesting permission (Do I/we have [your] permission to ... ? Do I/we have the right to ... ?):
 * // Am faod mi tighinn a-steach (mas e ur toil e)? // 'Can I come in (please)?'
 * // Am faod sinn falbh a-nis? // 'Can we leave now?'
 * // Am faod mi falbh? // 'Can I go?'
 * // Am faod mi a dhol dhachaidh a-nis? // 'Can I go home now?'
 * // Am faod mi a dhol chun an dannsa? // 'Can I go to the dance?'
 * // Am faod mi a dhol chun nam bùthan? // 'Can I go to the shops?'
 * // Am faod sinn a dhol dhan taigh-dhealbh oidhche Haoine? // 'Can we go to the cinema on Friday night?'
 * // Am faod sinn a dhol a-steach? // 'Can we go outside?'
 * // Am faod mise a dhol ann cuideachd? // 'Can I go too?'
 * // Am faod mi a dhol dhan taigh-bheag? // 'May I go to the toilet?'
 * // Am faod sin suidhe airson mionaid? // 'Can we sit (down) for a minute?'
 * // Am faod sinn suidhe an seo? // 'Can we sit here?'
 * // Am faod mi suidhe sìos? // 'May I sit down?'
 * // Am faod mi smocadh an seo? // 'May I smoke here?'
 * // Am faod mi an doras (a) fhosgladh? // 'May I open the door?'
 * // Am faod mi an doras a dhùnadh? // 'May I close the door?'
 * // Am faod mi an uinneag (a) fhosgladh? // 'May I open the window?'
 * // Am faod sinn an uinneag a dhùnadh? // 'May we close the window?'
 * // Am faod mi seo a chleachdadh? // 'Can I use this?'
 * // Am faod mi am fòn agad a chleachdadh? // 'May I use your telephone?'
 * // Am faod mi uisge fhaighinn, mas e ur toil e? // 'Can I have some water, please?'
 * // Am faod mi an salann fhaighinn? // 'Can I have the salt?'
 * // Am faod mi an càr agad fhaighinn, mas e ur toil e? // 'Can I have your car?'
 * // Am faod mi na h-iuchraichean fhaighinn? // 'Can I have the keys?'
 * // Am faod sinn tòiseachadh a-nis? // 'Can we start now?'
 * // Am faod mi sin a dhèanamh? // 'Can I do that?'
 * // Am faod mi am pàipear seo a leughadh? // 'May I read this paper?'
 * // Am faod mi ball-coise a chluich? // 'Can I play football?'
 * // Am faod mi golf a chluich? // 'Can I play golf?'
 * // Am faod mi bruidhinn ri Dàibhidh? // 'May I speak to David?'
 * // Am faod mi bruidhinn ri do bhràthair? // 'May I speak to your brother?'
 * // Am faod mi bruidhinn ri Seòras MacAoidh? // 'May I speak to George MacKay?'
 * // Am faod mi bruidhinn ris an dotair? // 'May I speak to the doctor?'
 * // Am faod mi bruidhinn ris a' mhanaidsear? // 'May I speak to the manager?'
 * // Am faod mi bruidhinn ris a' chòcaire? // 'May I speak to the cook?'
 * // Am faod mi bruidhinn ris? // 'May I speak to him?'
 * // Am faod mi bruidhinn rithe? // 'May I speak to her?'

//** Faodaidh tu/sibh ... **// Granting permission (You have [my] permission to ... You have the right to ...):
 * // Am faod mi [...] ? // 'May I ... ?'
 * // Faodaidh. // 'Yes, you may.'
 * // Faodaidh gu dearbh. // 'Indeed, you may.'
 * // Faodaidh tu tighinn a-steach. // 'You can come in.'
 * // Faodaidh tu tighinn còmhla rium. // 'You can come with me.'
 * // Faodaidh sibh falbh. // 'You can go.'
 * // Faodaidh tu sin a dhèanamh a-nochd. // 'You can do that tonight.'

//** Chan fhaod thu/sibh ... **// Refusing permission (You don't have [my] permission to ... You don't have the right to ...):
 * // Am faod mi [...] ? // 'May I ... ?'
 * // Chan fhaod. // 'No, you may not.'
 * // Chan fhaod, tha mi duilich. // 'No, you can't, I'm sorry.'
 * // Chan fhaod an-dràsda. // 'Not just now.'

//** Faodaidh mi/sinn/e ... **// Describing permission (I/we have permission to ...; I/we have the opportunity to ...):
 * // Faodaidh mi falbh a-nochd. // 'I may go tonight.' [i.e. It is **possible** that ... cf. Is dòcha gun dh'fhalbhas mi a-nochd; How about: 'I can go tonight' i.e. I have the **opportunity** or **permission** to ...]
 * // Faodaidh mi dol còmhla riut. // 'I may go with you.'
 * // Faodaidh mi falbh a-màireach. // 'I may go tomorrow'.
 * // Faodaidh sinn a dhol ann Disathairne. // 'We can go on Saturday.'
 * // Faodaidh e a' chlach a bhualadh. // 'He may hit the stone.'


 * // ... gum faod ..., ... nach fhaod ... //**
 * // Tha mi a' smaoineachadh gum faod thu an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'I think that you can open the window.'
 * // Tha mi a' smaoineachadh nach fhaod thu an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'I don't think that you can open the window.'

//** ... a dh'fhaodas ..., ... nach fhaod ... **//
 * // am fear a dh'fhaodas an uineag a fhosgladh // 'the man who can open the window'
 * // am fear nach fhaodas an uineag a fhosgladh // 'the man who can't open the window'
 * // ged a dh'fhaodas tu an uineag a fhosgladh // 'although you may open the window'
 * // ged nach fhaod thu an uineag a fhosgladh // 'although you may not open the window'
 * // ma dh'fhaodas mi an uinneag a fhosgladh // 'if I may open the window'

//** Faodar ... **// (One may ...)
 * // Faodar an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'One may open the window.', 'The window may be opened.'
 * // Chan fhaodar an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'One may not open the window.', 'The window may not be opened.'
 * // Tha mi a' smaoineachadh gum faodar an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'I think that the window may be opened.'
 * // Tha mi a' smaoineachadh nach fhaodar an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'I don't think that the window can be opened.'
 * // an uinneag a dh'fhaodar fosgladh // 'The window which may be opened' ???
 * // an uinneag nach fhaodar fosgladh // 'The window which may not be opened' ???
 * // ged a dh'fhaodar an uinneag a fhosgladh // 'although the window may be opened'
 * // ged nach fhaodar an uinneag a fhosgladh // 'although the window may not be opened'
 * // ma dh'fhaodar an uinneag a fhosgladh // 'if the window may be opened'

Other:
 * // 'S e duine math a th' ann, ged a dh'fhaodas cuid de dhaoine a bhith a' sealltainn sìos air. // 'He is a good man, though some people may look down on him' [It is possible that ...]
 * // Chan fhaod e bhith gu bheil thu a' creidsinn a leithid sin de dh'amaideachd. // 'It is not possible that you believe such foolishness.'
 * // Faodaidh gur e atharrachadh na h-aimsire a tha gan cur air ghluasad. // 'Perhaps it is a change in the weather that causes them to migrate.'
 * // Tha e ag ràdh gum faod thu tighinn. // 'He says you can come.' [i.e. he gives you permission]
 * // Thig mi còmhla riut ma dh'fhaodas mi. // 'I will come with you, if I may' [i.e. if you give me permission]
 * // Faodar a' cheist a fhreagairt ann am Beurla. // 'One may answer the question in English' [i.e. Faodaidh tu ... ; it is permitted to ...]
 * // Faodar a bualadh. // 'Someone may hit her.'
 * // Ma dh'fhaodas mi falbh .... // 'If I can go ...'

=Past tense=

Describing past permission:
 * // Dh'fhaodadh e an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'He had permission to open the window.' 'He might have opened the window.'
 * // Dh'fhaodainn an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'I had permission to open the window.' 'I might have opened the window.'
 * // Dh'fhaodamaid an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'We had permission to open the window.' 'We might have opened the window.'
 * // Chan fhaodadh e an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'He didn't have permission to open the window.' 'He might not have opened the window.'
 * // Chan fhaodainn an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'I didn't have permission to open the window.' 'I might not have opened the window.'
 * // Chan fhaodamaid an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'We didn't have permission to open the window.' 'We might not have opened the window.'
 * // Tha mi a' smaoineachadh gum faodadh tu an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'I think that you might have opened the window.'
 * // Tha mi a' smaoineachadh nach fhaodadh tu an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'I don't think that you might have opened the window.'
 * // am fear a dh'fhaodadh an uinneag a fhosgladh // 'the man who might have opened the window'
 * // am fear nach fhaodadh an uinneag a fhosgladh // 'the man who might not have opened the window'
 * // ged a dh'fhaodainn an uinneag a fhosgladh // 'though I might have opened the window'
 * // ged nach fhaodamaid an uinneag a fhosgladh // 'though we might not have opened the window'
 * // ma dh'fhaodadh iad an uinneag a fhosgladh // 'if they might have opened the window'

Impersonal forms:
 * // Dh'fhaodte(adh) an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'The window might have been opened.' 'Someone had permission to open the window.'
 * // Chan fhaodte(adh) an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'The window might not have been opened.' 'No-one had permission to open the window.'
 * // Tha mi a' smaoineachadh gum faodte(adh) an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'I think that the window might have been opened.'
 * // Tha mi a' smaoineachadh nach fhaodte(adh) an uinneag a fhosgladh. // 'I don't think that the window might have been opened.'
 * // an uinneag a dh'fhaodte(adh) fosgladh // 'The window which might have been opened' ???
 * // an uinneag nach fhaodte(adh) fosgladh // 'The window which might not have been opened' ???
 * // ged a dh'fhaodte(adh) an uinneag a fhosgladh // 'although the window might have been opened'
 * // ged nach fhaodte(adh) an uinneag a fhosgladh // 'although the window might not have been opened'
 * // ma dh'fhaodte(adh) an uinneag a fhosgladh // 'if the window might have been opened'

Question forms:

Reported speech:
 * Dh'fhaighnich am fear ma ??? 'The man asked if he might open the window' [Dh'fhaighnich e: 'Am faod mi ... ?']
 * // Thuirt i gum faodamaid an uinneag (a) fhosgladh. // 'She said that we might open the window.' [Thuirt i: 'Faodaidh sibh ...']
 * // Thuirt i nach fhaodamaid an uinneag (a) fhosgladh. // 'She said that we might not open the window.' [Thuirt i: 'Chan fhaod sibh ...']
 * // Thuirt i gum fao(i)dte(adh) an uinneag (a) fhosgladh. // 'She said that one might open the window.' [Thuirt i: 'Faodar ...']
 * // Thuirt i nach fhao(i)dte(adh) an uinneag (a) fhosgladh. // 'She said that one might not open the window.' [Thuirt i: 'Nach fhaodar ...']


 * // Ach dh'fhaodach e bhith na bu mhiosa. // 'But it might have been worse.' [i.e. It was possible that it would be worse]
 * // Thuirt an dorsair gun robh a mhaighstir 'na chadal agus nach fhaodte a dhùsgadh. // 'The doorman said that his master was sleeping and that one might not wake him up' [i.e. it was not permitted to ...]
 * // Chan fhaodte càil fhàgail anns a' ghàrradh air eagal gun rachadh a ghoid. // 'One couldn't leave anything in the garden, in case someone would steal it.'
 * // Ghabh sinn fasgadh mar a b' fheàrr a dh'fhaodadh sinn. // 'We took shelter as best we might.'
 * // Dh'fhalbh e gun smid a ràdh, ged a dh'fhaodte aithneachadh gun robh e tinn. // 'He left without saying a word, though one might have perceived that he was ill.'
 * // ma dh'fhaoidte //, // ma dh'fhaoite // 'perhaps'; often distorted to // mathaid // or// is mathaid gu ... //; // Bha i 's mathaid deich air fhichead. // 'She was perhaps thirty'; // Is mathaid gun robh e 'na chadal. // 'Perhaps he was asleep'; // 'S mathaid gu bheil e air dol dhachaigh. // 'Perhaps he has gone home'; // Thàinig e a-steach air gu h-obann gur mathaid gun robh ... // 'He realised suddenly that perhaps ... was ...'.
 * // Dh'fhaod mi falbh. // 'I might have gone.'
 * // Na'n d'fhaod mi falbh ... // 'If I might have gone ...'