Ri

=0. Contents=


 * 1) Syntax
 * 2) Semantics

This page is about the non-leniting, dative-governing preposition //ri//. Many of its properties are already described on the page about prepositions.

=1. Syntax=

a. The definite variant of //ri// is //ris//. The former cannot be immediately followed by a form of the definite article; the latter must be immediately followed by a form of the definite article.

For example:
 * //ri bòrd// (against a table), //ri bùird// (against tables).
 * * //ri a' bhòrd// (against the table), * //ri na bùird// (against the tables).
 * //ris a' bhòrd// (against the table), //ris na bùird// (against the tables).
 * * //ris bòrd// (against a table), * //ris bùird// (against my tables).

b. The set of conjugated prepositions for //ri// is as follows:
 * ~  ||||~ singular ||~   ||
 * ~  ||~ masc ||~ fem ||~ plural ||
 * ~ first ||||= //rium// ||= //ruinn// ||
 * ~ second ||||= //riut// ||= //ruibh// ||
 * ~ third ||= //ris// ||= //rithe// ||= //riutha// ||

For example:
 * //rium// (against me) is used instead of * //ri mi//.
 * //riutha// (against them) is used instead of * //ri iad//.

Note that the forms //rinn//, //ribh// and //riu// may sometimes be found in place of //ruinn// , //ruibh// and //riutha//.

c. There is also a set of emphatic conjugated prepositions:
 * ~  ||||~ singular ||~   ||
 * ~  ||~ masc ||~ fem ||~ plural ||
 * ~ first ||||= //riumsa// ||= //ruinne// ||
 * ~ second ||||= //riutsa// ||= //ruibhse// ||
 * ~ third ||= //ris-san// ||= //rithese// ||= //riuthasan// ||

Again, //ruinne// and //ruibhse// are occasionally written as //rinne// and //ribhse//.

d. Here is the set of possessive prepositions for //ri// :
 * ~  ||~ singular ||~ plural ||
 * ~ first ||= //rim// ||= //rir// ||
 * ~ second ||= //rid// ||= //rur// ||
 * ~ third ||= //ri// ||= //riN// ||

For example:
 * //rim chaileig// is a variant on //ri mo chaileig // (against my girl).
 * //rin eaglais// is a variant on //ri an eaglais// (against their church).

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=2. Semantics=

2.3. Others
Bruidhinn mi ri Seònaid. (I spoke to Janet) Bruidhinn mi ri mo charaid. (I spoke to my friend) Chòrd i rium. (She pleased me, I enjoyed her)

ri + verbal noun (or noun with verbal force) = "being engaged in something"
 * Bha na balaich ri èigheachd. (The boys were screaming).
 * Tha Iain ri sgrìobhadh an-còmhnaidh. (John is always writing).
 * Bha Anna ri ceòl fad a bheatha. (Anna was at music all her life).
 * Bidh iad ri iasgach as t-earrach. (They will be at fishing in the Spring)

Also with the definite article:
 * Tha Seumas ris an òl. (James is constantly drinking).
 * Tha iad ris an iasgach. (They are at the fishing, they are fishermen).
 * Tha Iain ris a' mhuir. (John is at the sea, John is a sailor).

Passive sense (the "a" is not normally pronounced):
 * Tha obair ri a dhèanamh. (There is work to be done).
 * Tha gu leòr ri a ràdh. (There is much to be said).
 * Bha cus ri a ithe. (There was too much to eat).
 * Tha Iain ri a mholadh. (John is to be praised).

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