Bho

=0. Contents=


 * 1) Syntax
 * 2) Semantics

This page is about the leniting, dative-governing preposition //bho//. Many of its properties are already described on the page about prepositions.

=1. Syntax=

a. The definite variant of //bho// is //bhon//. The former cannot be immediately followed by a singular/dual form of the definite article (i.e. leniting //an// ); the latter must be immediately followed by a singular/dual form of the definite article (unless this is elided).

For example:
 * //bho chaileig// (from a girl), //bho chaileagan// (from girls), //bho na caileaganean// (from the girls).
 * * //bho a' chaileig// (from the girl).
 * //bhon a' chaileig// (from the girl).
 * * //bhon na caileagan// (from the girls).
 * //bhon chaileig// (from the girl) is a variant on //bhon a' chaileig//, not to be confused with //bho chaileig// (from a girl).

b. The conjugated prepositions for //bho// are as follows:
 * ~  ||||~ singular ||~   ||
 * ~  ||~ masc ||~ fem ||~ plural ||
 * ~ first ||||= //bhuam// ||= //bhuainn// ||
 * ~ second ||||= //bhuat// ||= //bhuaibh// ||
 * ~ third ||= //bhuaithe// ||= //bhuaipe// ||= //bhuapa// ||

For example:
 * //bhuam// (from me) should be used instead of * //bho mi//.
 * //bhuapa// (from them) should be used instead of * //bho iad//.

Note that the third person singular masculine may occasionally be seen written as //bhuaidhe//.

c. There is also a set of emphatic conjugated personal pronouns:
 * ~  ||||~ singular ||~   ||
 * ~  ||~ masc ||~ fem ||~ plural ||
 * ~ first ||||= //bhuamsa// ||= //bhuainne// ||
 * ~ second ||||= //bhuatsa// ||= //bhuaibhse// ||
 * ~ third ||= //bhuaithe-san// ||= //bhuaipse// ||= //bhuapasan// ||

d. The possessive prepositions for //bho// are as follows:
 * ~  ||~ singular ||~ plural ||
 * ~ first ||= //bhom// ||= //bhor// ||
 * ~ second ||= //bhod// ||= //bhur// ||
 * ~ third ||= //bho// ||= //bhoN// ||

For example:
 * //bhom thaigh// (from my house) may be used instead of //bho mo thaigh//.
 * //bhur n-eaglaisean// (from your churches) may be used instead of //bho ur n-eaglaisean//.

e. In the various forms of the preposition //bho//, the //bh-// is sometimes dropped. In this case, the basic form is //o//, the definite variant is //on// , the conjugated prepositions are as follows:
 * ~  ||||~ singular ||~   ||
 * ~  ||~ masc ||~ fem ||~ plural ||
 * ~ first ||||= //uam// ||= //uainn// ||
 * ~ second ||||= //uat// ||= //uaibh// ||
 * ~ third ||= //uaithe// ||= //uaipe// ||= //uapa// ||

And the possessive prepositions are:
 * ~  ||||~ singular ||~   ||
 * ~  ||~ masc ||~ fem ||~ plural ||
 * ~ first ||||= //uamsa// ||= //uainne// ||
 * ~ second ||||= //uatsa// ||= //uaibhse// ||
 * ~ third ||= //uaithe-san// ||= //uaipse// ||= //uapasan// ||

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=2. Semantics=

a. from at
 * bho bhocsa (from a box)

b. from on
 * bho bhocsa (off a box)

CM:
 * mar gum bitheadh cudrom air èiridh bhom fheòil (as if a weight had risen from my flesh)
 * bho muigh (extraneous)
 * bho dhoras gu doras (from door to door)
 * Bha companaidh bho chompanaidh a' tuiteam. (Company after company was falling)
 * bailtean-fearainn a gheibh iad bith-beò math bhuapa (farms form which they get a good living)
 * mu mhìle gu leth a dh'astar bhuam (about a mile and a half from me)
 * Bidh iongantas ort litir fhaighinn bhuamsa. (You will be surprised to get a letter from me)
 * Bha mi eòlach gu leòr air fhaicinn bhuam. (I know him well enough by sight)
 * Bhiodh e a' faicinn Màiri bhuaithe uaireannan. (He would sometimes see Mary at a distance)
 * Chan fhairich sinn bhuainn nì nach robh againn. (We shall not miss what we did not have)
 * Co bhuaithe? (Who from?)
 * Có shùilicheadh an fhreagairt seo bhuaithe? (Who would have expected this reply from him?)
 * mar a shùilicheadh sinn bhuaithe (as we would expect from him)
 * Tha mi an dòchas gun cluinn mi bhuaibh a dh'aithgearr. (I hope I hear from you soon)
 * ge air bith a bha aige no a bha bhuaithe (whatever he had or didn't have)
 * Chan fhairicheadh e an t-airgead bhuaithe. (He wouldn't miss the money)

CM as "adverb":
 * Tha na bailtean seo air a dhol bhuaithe. (These towns have declined)
 * Bha i air a dhol bhuaithe. (She had declined)
 * Bha i air tuiteam bhuaithe. (She had declined/gone downhill)
 * thuige 's bhuaithe (off and on)
 * bhuaithe sin (from that)

CM on o:
 * Saul o Tharsus (Saul of Tarsus)
 * o àite gu àite (from place to place)
 * o àm gu àm (from time to time)
 * o thaobh gu taobh (form side to side)
 * nuair a thigeadh a' ghaoth o àirde eadar an ear-thuadh 's an ear-dheas (when the wind came from an airt between north-east and south-east)
 * o sin (hence)
 * Am bac sin o bhith a' faighinn sonas? (Will that prevent us from finding happiness?)
 * mìle on chladach (a mile off the shore)
 * on taigh (out, not at home)
 * on àm sin (henceforth)
 * Mas e mac Dhè, thigeadh e a-nuas on chrann. (If he is the son of God, let him come down from the cross)
 * Chan eil e gu diofar cò an àird om bi a' ghaoth a' sèidheadh. (It makes no difference from which direction the wind is blowing)
 * Dh'fhàg iad tìr nam beò o chionn mòran bhliadhnachan. (They departed the land of the living many years ago)
 * anns an ùine o dh'fhàg e tha an eaglais air a bhith bàn. (In the time since he left, the church has been without a minister)
 * o shean (of old)
 * na Gaidheil o shean (the Gaels of old)
 * air an robh Zeus mar ainm aig na Greugaich o shean (who was called Zeus by the Greeks of old)
 * os (i.e. o is) cuimhne leam (as long as I can remember)
 * o bu cuimhne leis (as long as he could remember)

Mar phàirt den chaismeachd, coisichidh na gaisgich còmhla ri 1,500 de dh’Albannaich a’ gabhail a-steach clann-sgoile, luchd-pàrlamaid, luchd-stiùiridh creideimh agus aoighean eile bhon t-saoghal phoblach. (As part of the march, the heroes will walk along with 1,500 Scots, including schoolchildren, parlamentarians, faith leaders and other visitors from the public world.)

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